Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the Workplace

Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the Workplace Natalie Manuel Professor Thomas Whenever Intro to Business August 3, 2014 There are a few times where I experienced effective communication in a business environment. One time in particular, I believe everyone demonstrated communicating effectively. At work there is a lot of chaos at times because there aren't many plans or guidelines put in place for customers regarding certain aspects of the business. My co-worker and I decided to create a few documents that can be .NET to the customer in certain situations.I work for GE oil & gas and we deal with customers who may need/want to return their blower for many reasons. We created a ARM authorization return form to keep everything organized. The form was very detailed and provided all the information the customer needs as well as the important information we would need to process the return. Along with this form, we created a standard order checklist. A lot of times we receive cus tomer Pop's that has missing information, incorrect pricing, wrong export information or incorrect vendor information, among other things.We created a document that was meant to be distributed to all the distributors and Memo's. The documents were sent to all the sales reps for review. Immediately we were met with issues from them. This is where the communication came in. We set-up for there to be a conference call with us and the sales rep. Once we were able to have the meeting, all questions and concerns were put on the table. Having an open dialogue is important in business and in life. With this conference call, we were able to edit some of the statements on the comments.As well as take some things off. Once that was complete, we were able to send these forms out to the customers. From that point on the effect it had on the business was an increase productivity. There were less Pop send backs to customers for corrections. That pleased the customers so much! Pleasing the customer s is always the goal, they help the business grow. Most of the customers really appreciated the help that the forms provided them. Without the conference call, none of this would have been possible.It could have been easy to take the sales rep issues and ignore them. I see in business a lot that people and their ideas are ignored. It only causes tension and mistrust. We understood that none of this was personal. Everyone had a great interest in seeing the business grow. Talking things out, keeps misunderstandings to a minimum. If I had to do it all over again, I wouldn't change a thing. Effective communication should be the goal for all businesses. â€Å"Effective communication in the workplace helps employees and managers form highly efficient teams. Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the Workplace Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the Workplace Natalie Manuel Professor Thomas Whenever Intro to Business August 3, 2014 There are a few times where I experienced effective communication in a business environment. One time in particular, I believe everyone demonstrated communicating effectively. At work there is a lot of chaos at times because there aren't many plans or guidelines put in place for customers regarding certain aspects of the business. My co-worker and I decided to create a few documents that can be .NET to the customer in certain situations.I work for GE oil & gas and we deal with customers who may need/want to return their blower for many reasons. We created a ARM authorization return form to keep everything organized. The form was very detailed and provided all the information the customer needs as well as the important information we would need to process the return. Along with this form, we created a standard order checklist. A lot of times we receive cus tomer Pop's that has missing information, incorrect pricing, wrong export information or incorrect vendor information, among other things.We created a document that was meant to be distributed to all the distributors and Memo's. The documents were sent to all the sales reps for review. Immediately we were met with issues from them. This is where the communication came in. We set-up for there to be a conference call with us and the sales rep. Once we were able to have the meeting, all questions and concerns were put on the table. Having an open dialogue is important in business and in life. With this conference call, we were able to edit some of the statements on the comments.As well as take some things off. Once that was complete, we were able to send these forms out to the customers. From that point on the effect it had on the business was an increase productivity. There were less Pop send backs to customers for corrections. That pleased the customers so much! Pleasing the customer s is always the goal, they help the business grow. Most of the customers really appreciated the help that the forms provided them. Without the conference call, none of this would have been possible.It could have been easy to take the sales rep issues and ignore them. I see in business a lot that people and their ideas are ignored. It only causes tension and mistrust. We understood that none of this was personal. Everyone had a great interest in seeing the business grow. Talking things out, keeps misunderstandings to a minimum. If I had to do it all over again, I wouldn't change a thing. Effective communication should be the goal for all businesses. â€Å"Effective communication in the workplace helps employees and managers form highly efficient teams.

Back to School Essay

They say that education is the most important thing for society. That education is the way out of trouble, poverty, unemployment and many other things. But all of this is hard to understand for children, and that is a problem, for it is them who are in the education system. So how do you get kids and youngsters to understand the importance of education and hard work? That is what Barrack Obama – the president of the United States of America – has tried to do. He gave the speech â€Å"Back to School† to students of all ages in the school system trying to evoke in them a feeling of responsibility when it comes to school and education. This paper analyzes and comments on that speech, and it partly focuses on how he addresses his audience, and what feelings he evokes in them. When you talk about rhetoric there is a classic way of building it up: The opening comes first. Here Obama says hello and talks about the first day in a semester day, such as that exact day. Then the narrative which is some background information. Here he talks about his own experience as a schoolboy. After that comes the argumentation. In this part all the main weight of the speech is. He talks about responsibility, opportunities and so on. Then normally comes the refutation, but that part it not present in this speech, so at no point does he come with any arguments against his proposition, but on the other hand that would also be stupid in this case. In the end is of cause the ending. Here he concludes what he expects from all the students. This makes it all very easy understandable and easy to follow, which is important when he is addressing kids and youngsters. The main point he is making is that all the students should work hard in school so they can get a good education. As a ground for this main statement he says that a good education is needed if one wants to become something in life, and that jobs and money does not come from nothing. He uses different kinds of rhetorical techniques when he argues his points. He starts off by addressing the audience personally in the very first line, â€Å"Hello everyone – how’s everybody doing today? † (l. 1). This makes the audience pay much more attention than if he had just said something such as ‘welcome’ for instance. Throughout the speech he often repeats a word or the beginning of a sentence such as it is seen in lines 164-165. Here he repeats the phrase â€Å"I expect †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This gives his words more substance. When you read or hear it you really focus on the things that are repeated. So when it is used here you really understand exactly what it is he wants the students to do. Another thing that he does to really capture his audience is to give them examples that they can relate to or compare themselves to. This is done in line 92 to 107. This is also good, because it is a quite young audience he is addressing in this speech and it makes the whole thing easier accessible for them. He also tells his own story, and thereby makes himself more relatable. That is important, because when kids see Obama they see a famous person but none the less a stranger, and therefore an adult whom they do not know how to relate to. All these things make him more unrelatable for the young people. So when he reveals details about his own childhood he creates a trust bond between himself and his audience, and in that way makes the kids want to listen and more likely agree with him. In America national sentiment is very common, and responsibility towards the country is often used as a means to encourage and motivate people. This feeling is something that Obama also takes advantage of, â€Å"If you don’t do that – if you quit on school – you’re not just quitting on yourself, you’re quitting on your country† (ll. 63-64). The country and the responsibility to it are mentioned several times. The feeling that the students have to do well in school not just for themselves, but for their country, is then built up through the speech to a degree where it almost causes bad continence for those who does not take their school seriously. Obama addresses his audience with a great deal of empathy, â€Å"Now I know it’s not always easy to do well in school. I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork. [Here is a line break in the text] I get it. I know what that’s like. † (ll. 65-67). This is another thing that minimizes the distance between Obama and his audience. This empathy causes people to respect him more because they feel they are somewhat on the same page. It makes the audience want to listen because they now can see that he is not unaware or indifferent of the obstacles in their lives. Throughout the speech Obama uses pathos as the main way of persuasion. â€Å"And even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you – don’t ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. † (ll. 147-149), here it is the feelings and emotions he appeals to. This is a very strong way of appealing to appealing to people, because it makes people more likely to agree, because they are emotional. In lines 158 to 160 he gives a line of questions. Those questions are meant so the audience will be encouraged to do something with their lives and therefore focus on their education. It is not questions about whether or not they will achieve something in life, it is questions about what that will achieve in life. That way he tricks the audience into feeling that they have to achieve something, something for their country. Through the use of different rhetorical techniques, such as repetition, appeal to emotions, a line of questions and leveling himself with his audience, he achieves a convincing argumentation. He addresses his young audience with empathy, and reveals his own story to them which makes the distance between him and his audience smaller. So maybe Barrack Obama has found the right way to address a young audience, and convince them to work harder in the schools.

Care for Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Care for Mechanically Ventilated Patients The following case study will focus on a discussion around pain assessment and complexity of care delivered to individuals, who are mechanically ventilated, with altered levels of consciousness. The pathophysiology of ventilation and its associated consequences and symptoms for a patient’s care will be thoroughly examined. Aspects of pain assessment in individuals, who are sedated on ventilation support, and nursing interventions to identify levels of pain will be critically analysed and justified. Finally, the complexity of patient’s care will be argued and critically evaluated and the wider context of care management will be conscientiously discussed. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) outlines the definition of pain as an â€Å"unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage† (IASP, 2017). In accordance to Chanques et al (2007) pain is one of the mo st occurring complications associated with intensive care stay with an occurrence of moderate to severe level of pain experienced by almost 50 % of medical and surgical patients. Bertollini et al (2002) reported that approximately 80 % of patients on critical care units, amongst Europe, have experienced pain during nursing interventions and have not received adequate analgesia. In multicentre studies 50 – 65% of patients complained that they suffered severe pain in ICU; 15% were unhappy with the pain management they received. To maintain confidentiality and to protect the identity of an individual, the name of the patient will be changed to Mr Kenneth Smith (pseudonym), in line with Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC,2015). Kenneth is an 74 year old male admitted to cardiac intensive care unit (day 10) following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Kenneth was previously diagnosed with triple vessel coronary artery disease, following myocardial infarction four weeks prior to surgery. Currently, he cannot maintain his own breathing, therefore, to promote haemodynamic stability Ken is ventilated with a use of synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) mode. To facilitate Ken’s ventilation, he is also sedated however, it has been found that Ken reacts to voice and occasionally opens his eyes. The possibility of delirium also emerged as the patient’s wife deems, that Kenneth appears disorientated and agitated at times (Kings compromising successful post-operative recovery (Rakel and Herr, 2004).   Twycross (2002) argues that pain appears to be a problem in acute settings, yet the knowledge and understanding of its management is limited amongst nursing staff; which breaches the principles of effective practice in line with the best available evidence (NMC, 2015). Awareness of causes and interactions of pain, agitation and delirium in Kenneth’s case is essential, to promote quicker recovery by managing pain effect ively and weaning patient off the ventilation support (Stein-Parbury and Mckinley, 2000). Endotracheal tube combined with sternal wound and chest drains contributes to nociceptor activation and sensitization at various levels (Dahl and Kehlet, 2006). Hence, Kenneth is experiencing ongoing pain at rest, that increases with movements. Although, pain analgesia is administered on regular basis to control discomfort levels (WHO, 2015); Koppert et al (2003) argues that increased pain sensitivity in surgical patients to stimuli is commonly recognised as an effect of opioids. The thesis is strongly supported by Wilder Smith (2006) who acknowledge, that hyperalgesia has a major effect on the way brain processes pain signals. There several mediators that contributes to nociceptor activation: prostaglandins, interleukins, cytokine and neutrophils (Brennan, 2017). Peripheral neutrophilic granulocytes (NG’s) also have an impact on peripheral sensitivity and contribute to pain where the in cision was made (Carreira et al, 2013). The intensity of pain is amplified by nociceptive neurones that send electrical signals to central nervous system along axons, which again depends on many factors, including surgical site and discomfort caused by endotracheal tube or Kenneth position (Steeds, 2016). Recent Kenneth’s arterial blood gas reading revealed, decreased tissue pH and increased lactate concentration, which in accordance to Brennan (2011) could also influence the intensity of pain and spontaneous pain behaviour. Initially, Kenneth was commenced on mechanical ventilation post operatively to maintain his haemodynamic stability, decrease cardiac workload and provide optimum for gaseous exchange (Goldsworthy and Graham, 2014). Upon physician assessment, Kenneth receives SIMV, which delivers set amount of breath and encourages patient to take spontaneous breaths (Wiesen et al, 2013). SIMV mode helps to reduce Kenneth’s cardiac output, although it has been p roved that it prolongs ventilation dependency. Due to persistent episodes of hypoxemia, weaning from ventilation is delayed, which put Kenneth at risk of further complications (Chlan, 2011). Pillbeam and Cairo (2006) conducted a study which shown that prolonged ventilation increases the mortality rate. Challenges faced by nursing staff in pain management influences the process of weaning, hence it affects Kenneth’s quality of life (Baazm et al, 2014). Nelson et al, 2010 argues that patients who struggle to wean of ventilation support are at greater risk of infection, delirium, pain and they are often experiencing anxiety. Therefore, it could be questioned whether, unmanaged pain is a leading cause of prolonged ventilation or vice versa. Whitehouse et al (2014) reports that pain can trigger stress response which can have detrimental effect on patient’s health and wellbeing. Increased levels of catecholamines can cause arteriolar vasoconstriction, impair tissue perfusion and decrease tissue oxygen partial pressure which would impact on delayed weaning of ventilation support and increased oxygen consumption (Barr et al 2013). Catabolic disturbances and hypoxemia caused by pain can also impair wound healing process and lead to wound infection; pain decreases natural killer cell activity, cytotoxic T cell and neutrophils which are pivotal for immune system (Woolf, 1989). Wagner et al 1998 emphasises that other factors such as sleep disturbances and anxiety can aggravate pain perceptions. Royal College of Nursing (2003) concludes that nurses have duty of care to minimise distress and suffering from pain. The â€Å"gold standard† in pain assessment by nurses is self-reporting by the patient, providing necessary information, that helps to identify source, intensity and underlying condition so that appropriate analgesia can be administered (Chanques and Constantin, 2010). but Kenneth cannot give sufficient response due to endotracheal tube and se dation level (Craig and Schlavenato, 2010). Pain is difficult to measure as it is an individual experience and everyone perceive it on their own way. It encompasses wide spectrum of physiological and psychological responses; therefore, it is pivotal for nurses to provide holistic approach when looking after critically ill patients (Woodrow and Moore, 2004). Kenneth during morning activities, whilst being assisted with personal hygiene needs appeared to be in discomfort, especially during moving and handling manoeuvres. Bird (2003) argues that there is no specific pain assessment tool for ICU patients and should evaluate effectiveness of tools used, to manage pain effectively. Chanques and colleagues (2010) have manifested that visually enlarged numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 (minimal discomfort) to 10 severe pain, is the most successful and valid across other pain assessment tools available. Jensen (2003) has reviewed 164 journals and demonstrated that NRS tool is the most reliab le indicator of pain intensity. Although Kenneth can blink his eyes occasionally when asked about pain levels, it is difficult to determine the accuracy of patient’s perception due to level of sedation and cognition state. Kenneth’s effort to express and communicate pain is respected and adequate pain analgesia is provided. The evidence shows that the belief of patient’ report creates trust relationship between patient and healthcare professional, therefore pain management is more successful and effective (D’Arcy, 2011). Pain can increase with activity and it is revealed as dynamic process, therefore Kenneth is reassessed on a regular basis to maintain comfort and minimise distress (Dahl and Kehlet, 2006). Barr (2013) emphasises that pain in intensive care unit patients’ needs to be assessed frequently and repetitively in an effective manner to maintain high quality of care and promote healing. Puntillo (2009) stresses that healthcare professionals must use â€Å"structured, valid and reliable tools† due to complexity of patients’ needs. Upon Kenneth pain assessment, it was found that Behavioural Pain Scale was the most effective. Nurses observed that Kenneth is becoming restless and agitated and facial grimacing is present, which resolves with appropriate analgesia (Feldt, 2000). These behaviours fit into criteria of pain indication as per Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI) (Young, 2006). Nurses derived the total BPS score of 8-10, which indicated that Kenneth was experiencing severe pain on assessment. D’arcy (2011) speculates that the use BPS is not as effective and developed as current tools that have been in use for years. Li and colleagues (2008) also argue that there is some evidence about BPS, an updated revision in regards to validity and effectiveness is needed, so that it can be applicable for ICU patients. However, Payen (2008) and Arbour et al (2011) dispute with the opinion of h is colleagues and demonstrate that there are recent studies which show that BPS improve pain management and successful recovery, followed by shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Implementation of Payen BPS appeared to be extremely useful, when repositioning Kenneth in bed, as it assesses compliance with ventilation, detecting specific pain behaviours (Puntillo et al., 2001). In addition to respiratory support, pain is also triggered by sternal wound and both chest drains which increase the intensity of pain experienced by Kenneth. The study carried out by Payen (2001) demonstrated that 63% of ICU patients could remember pain and 40% patients post cardiac surgery experienced the worst pain due to chest drains and surgical wounds. In addition to BPS, there are other assessment tools for critically ill patients, like Kenneth, such as Gelinas Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) which is also based on behavioural observations (Gelinas et al, 2006). Its effectiveness was a gain reported during moving and handling manoeuvres, where ventilation machine was observed for alarms, which displayed that Kenneth stopped breathing spontaneously. Slight resistance was also felt by nursing staff; which indicated muscle tension that potentially resulted from pain (Li et al 2008). Marjorie, Kenneth’s wife, was also asked to provide information in regards to Kenneth’s usual behaviours which could be then compared with those gathered during specific assessments. Nursing staff found difficulties in interpreting Kenneth behaviours at times, as they represented numerous things amongst various periods of time (Garteth and Williams, 2017). Olding et al (2015) suggest that family involvement in nursing care positively influences patients care despite its complexity; therefore, behaviour changes were written down over a shift duration, with Marjorie’s active involvement, and clear picture of Kenneth’s behaviours created. It also facilitated imp lementation, care planning and evaluation that promote holistic and family centric model of care (World Health Organisation, 2007). Surrogate designation of Marjorie to help with pain assessment, represents Kenneth’s wishes and needs; effective communication and good relationship between relatives and nursing professionals protects Kenneth’s autonomy (Sprung and Azoulay, 2004).   Marjorie, visits Kenneth daily, hence, nursing staff could go through the pain assessment tool together, improving its effectiveness and recognising new changes. It has been reported that, when Marjorie is present, Kenneth is more settled and less agitated, therefore, social contact with beloved ones maximises quality of care and recovery (Aust, 2013). Family interaction in basic nursing care and patient psychological and emotional support is a way of demonstrating love and care, a unique aspect of care that can be only provided by them (Engstrom and Soderberg, 2007). Dowling and Wang ( 2005) conclude that family support has a positive impact on patient’s outcome and recovery rate. Close contact with family gives them strength to overcome struggles related to their condition and enables them to regain orientation within the environment (Magarey and McCutcheon, 2005). Kenneth’s physiologic parameters are monitored regularly to maintain patient’s stability and to provide nurses with information about Ken’s physiologic status so that, they can react fast upon any changes (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [CG50], 2017). During personal hygiene and moving and handling manoeuvres, it has been noted that Kenneth’s blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) increased with visible behavioural changes and became stable once the painful stimuli was removed. Although, vital signs are widely used by nurses in pain assessment, they are not validated and supported by clinical evidence (Donaldson et al., 200 3). Kenneth’s is also receiving inotropic therapy in terms of cardiovascular support and sedative agent are also used, therefore, his vital signs are likely to fluctuate (Imal et al., 2011); however, they have not been discussed further in this discussion. Payen et al. (2001) with Gelinas and Johnston (2007) found that BP and mean blood pressure (MAP) increased in patients with altered level of consciousness, when exposed to nociceptive stimuli. However, Frazier et al (2002) argued that alteration of vital signs could result from activation of autonomic nervous system as a stress response and anxiety indication from performed procedures. Barr et al. (2013) in Clinical Practice Guidelines do not recommend that vital signs should be used when performing pain assessment, although they can be used as a suggestion and cue to conduct further assessment.

Types of Human Cloning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Types of Human Cloning - Research Paper Example During the period of 2006, FDA approved the use of cloned products such as plants and animals for the dietary purpose of individuals living in the US. Human cloning is a term used to define the creation of a genetically similar copy of a human being (MacKinnon 9). In this research the focus will not be cloning of animals and plants, rather the focus will be on human cloning, types of human cloning and the advantages and disadvantages associated with it. Reproductive cloning is one form of human cloning which is used to produce one or more than one individuals who are genetically identical to each other. During the period of the 1990s, the process of reproductive cloning was utilized in order to create identical clones of mammals such as sheep and pigs and one of the most famous examples of this activity was the production of Dolly (MacKinnon 56). Later several countries started banning the process in order to put a stop to the process of reproductive cloning for human beings. Another form of human cloning is DNA cloning which is even regarded as molecular cloning or cloning of the gene or recombinant DNA technology which is used to refer to the procedure through which multiple replicas of an individual fragment of DNA is created (MacKinnon 139). This kind of cloning can be conducted in several forms, for example, cloning of entire fragment of the gene can be conducted or a portion of the fragment of the DNA can be cloned or certain sequences of the DNA can be cloned. There are four steps involved in the process of DNA cloning, these include, fragmentation in which string of DNA is divided, the next step is the ligation part in which different parts of DNA are glued together in a sequence that is desirable, the third step is recognized as transfection, in this step the newly created DNA is inserted into cells and the last step is recognized as selection in which those cells that were transfected successfully with the DNA are selected (MacKinnon 116).

Feminist Analysis of TV Show 30 Rock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feminist Analysis of TV Show 30 Rock - Essay Example This factor threatens male egocentricity. Feminine perceptions are more humanistic. This is manifested in the show 30 Rock and its popularity. Feminists with Marxist perceptions would place emphasis on the manner in which the social systems and motivations of capital gain have hindered the humane feminist values from coming to light. Feminists with a radical perspective would conclude that the subduction of this feminist approach is a result of male egocentricity. This is also due to society's insistence of sexual orientation, rather than making allowances for individual freedom of choice. There is also the insistence of the perception of the consumption oriented nuclear family. Feminists who maintain a liberal perspective perceive things in a different light ( Kaplan : 252). The feminine perspective is essential to the male dominated society as demonstrated by the relationship between Liz (Tina Fey) and Jack (Alex Baldwin). There exists the possibility of interchanging sexual identi ties. In order to totally become human, different perspectives must be adapted. The American television series 30 Rock, demonstrates the interchange of roles between masculine and feminine genders. Prior to the 1990s, during the era of 1963- 1980, females were only portrayed as sexual objects or for the fulfillment of masculine needs. The sexual objects and need fillers were put into place in order to fulfill the masculine requirements and desires. This resulted in the feminist desire to eradicate this type of subduction (Kaplan : 253). There are three categories of feminist, each with a specific motivation and objective ( Kaplan :252). The feminist perspectives which were popularized in the 1990s are still popular today. The first category of feminist evaluation and research requires that the members of the female gender be treated as peers. This venue has two possible outcomes. One approach may conclude with domesticated feminism. This is representative of feminine roles of the ni neteenth century. The second possible outcome of this venue is a liberal female female perspective, which is more representative of the present. From my feminist perspective, Liz (Tina Fey) is the embodiment of both. In the liberal feminine perspective, females are allowed to vie within the institutional framework for equal rights to employment and self determination. This requires that the female be perceived as a peer. This perception by society includes the rights and obligations of equal treatment. This perspective has resulted in the American male adopting the roles in the household which would be normally classified as feminine such as cooking, cleaning, babysitting (Kaplan: 254). A primary type of feminine role perception exists in Diana Meehan's Ladies of the Evening: Woman Characters in Prime Time Television. The second category of feminine television production is viewed by the â€Å"pre- Althusserian Marxist† feminist perspective. This perspective perceives televis ion as an extension of capitalist society. These theorist propose that television interests are founded upon the manipulation of the television viewer as a consumer Kaplan: 257). A third category of feminist evaluation arises from the radical feminist perspective. In this perspective, the female gender is perceived as superior. Liz (Tina Fey) perceives herself as superior, she does not need a relationship with a man. Liz (Tina Fey) can get things done by herself.

First Mover Versus Follower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

First Mover Versus Follower - Essay Example This advantage seems to be borne out of the fact that the First mover has access to extent of resources that later entrants might not have and thus gain advantage that the latter might not have. However, often, the first mover is unable to take make use of the advantage and that leaves space for the Second mover or the follower to move in to avail the advantage that still exists. The term first mover advantage means the first company to launch a new kind of product or service should have a competitive advantage over those that start afterwards . The advantage exists in the form of an opportunity that has to be made best use of. The opportunity can be availed successfully by first movers only if before the competitors enter the market, they build a customer base, build a strong brand, develop economies of scale and develop distribution channels such that a competitive edge is built and sustained. However, a follower may overtake a First mover especially if it has one or more of the fo llowing: A better product: If the follower is able to learn from the mistakes the first mover made, then it is able to build a better product and have an edge over the former. Better distribution system: A follower might be able to build a better distribution system in turn helping it gain a lead over the first entrant. A strong brand: The Follower might be able to build a stronger brand and thus help them position themselves ahead of the first mover. The internet boom of the Nineties was what made the First mover concept and became apparent as a phenomenon, obvious in business terms. Till then it was more of a notion. However, this phenomenon and its importance as a business concept has been on the decline since the recent economic downturn. The first mover is the first major or significant company to move into a market and not necessarily the first company to do so. For a company to attempt becoming the ‘first mover’, it should figure out whether the benefits are more than the risks. Many times, the first movers are rewarded with profits and a monopoly in the market. However, at other times, they are unable to build up on the advantage and this leaves the opportunity for other entrants to compete and effectively gain advantages and potential to capitalize on the same. The term â€Å"First Mover advantage† was made popular in 1988 in a paper by Professor David Montgomery and co-author Marvin Lieberman. Overtime this phrase and the underlying concept caught the attention of the industry and business community and prompted huge spending in new businesses or markets often ignoring the nature and extent of underlying risks. Researchers have shown that First movers have inherent advantages based on empirical and theoretical study of the various mechanisms that confer advantages to the early entrants. However, they withdrew their claims about the concept in a retrospective paper written 10 years later. In a research conducted in 1993, researcher s concluded that almost half of the first movers in the market in their 500 sample brands had failed to gain advantage over competitors. The study also showed that followers who entered the market relatively early had greater success in the long run. As per their study, the said followers had entered the market on an average of 13 years later than the pioneers. As per studies, based on order of entry, the following is the

Security Incident in the Airport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security Incident in the Airport - Case Study Example As the saying goes; prevention is better than cure. The incident that happened at the lax airport should have been prevented. This could have evaded the delay in flights and the losses that the passengers encountered as a result of the delay. The man who sneaked in terminal four with a backpack should have been seen before he attempted the stunt. The first thing that could have been done to prevent this problem is keeping all access to the terminals checked. There should be only one access to the terminals for all civilians with all other access that are used by staff manned by security personnel all the time. These accesses should be given limited access and should be used if necessary. These are not only the access that the man could have used. In addition, fire escapes should be kept shut at all times unless there is a fire emergency. Security in and around the airport should be buffed up and agents advised to control the human traffic in the airport and be on the lookout for susp icious people. When a situation like that happens, an airport the first thing is to ensure the safety of all the people at the airport. Since it’s not known the intention of the man trespassing to terminal 4, shutting down the terminal is a good option. The next step would be to bring more security personnel to the terminal to control the crowd. Since the terminal is shut down many will want to move out of the terminal using the lifts and escalators. This presents another danger to the people in the terminal. Shutting down the escalators and lifts will ensure that there will be no accidents caused in these areas. Trying to get an order  in the chaos will be hard but will be the only way to ensure that every one is out of risk. The other step will be to arrest the man who trespassed and ascertain the danger that he posed. This will help erasure the passengers that the danger that was posed has been controlled and everyone needs to be checked again.

The spread of English and the rise of new Englishes Essay

The spread of English and the rise of new Englishes - Essay Example While on the study of English, introspection on how English came into being can be elucidated here. The following figure throws light on the various cultures and sects that contributed to the development of English as we see today. The history of English is divided into three periods since its existence way back some 1000 BCE. Though it is difficult to establish the correct year, researchers have unanimously concluded that the three periods are referred to as Old English (or Anglo-Saxon), Middle English, and Modern English. The graph above shows that the earliest period is marked with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A.D., though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and continued till the end of the eleventh century or a bit later. Before the end of the eleventh century, Britain was also being influenced by Latin. Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a substantial impact on the lexicon, and the well-developed inflectional system that typified that the grammar of Old English had begun to break down (Merriam-Webster, 2007)2. We have see 2.0 Executive Summary We have seen that English is now a popular language spoken by natives of almost all nations around the globe. But, does English actually qualify to be the global language A headline in 'Globe and Mail' published in Toronto in 1997 read, "English is the global language". Though not much of ado, headlines of similar nature have appeared in thousands of newspapers and magazines across the globe in recent years. 'English Rules', a headline with a difference, showcases the popularity and strength of English in a world of uncanny universality of the language's spread and continuation. So what does it mean to say that a language is a global language Or why is English the language, usually cited in this connection If English did become the global language, will it remain omnipresent These and more questions lead researchers to question the theory, whether; English is in fact the first language of the world If English is one's mother tongue, one may have mixed feelings about the way English is spreading around the world. On the one hand, there is cause for pride, that English language has become ever so successful, but on the other, there could be consternation that the same language that was inherent as English, is being influenced by others, who borrow words from languages other than English to suit themselves (David Crystal, 2003, English as a Global Language)3. A lot of countries have their own native language or 'mother tongue', as it is popularly referred to as. If this is the case, which is true, how does English qualify to be declared the official global language There are two possibilities; one, English

Community School Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community School Model - Essay Example It involves the integration between community development, social and health services, family support, youth development, and academics. These schools’ organization is based on aiding students in learning, strengthening communities and families and succeeding. They also act as community centres for the provision of services catering for student learners and erection of bridges connecting communities, families, and schools. Not only do these schools provide an environment for the promotion of academic excellence, but they also provide services in mental health, physical health, and social services within the campus. As a result, the schools emerge as community hubs, which act as one-stop places for the provision of diverse needs that help the child achieve the best outcome possible. This paper seeks to describe the Full Service Community Schools and discuss its suitability for post-secondary settings. There are assumptions that schools are only meant for the service of deliveri ng academic skills and that the most effective way of developing a young person into capable and competent adult is by academic methods. However, it is also important to develop the youth emotionally and socially into capable and competent adults who are ready to be integrated into the workforce and be functional informed citizens (Cummings, 2011). The main ideal behind full service schools is that youths are best served when all concerned adults are brought together centrally. This facilitates the collaboration and communication of these select adults to cater for the youth’s needs in the development. The FSCS model has its basis in youth development research, after-school fields, and education. FSCSs are schools that have social service, wellness, behavioural health, enrichment, and academic components (Cummings, 2011). They open way past the regular school hours and their target markets for services and programs include community members, families, and parents. The model c an be implemented with the help of a partnership with local non-profit organizations. Through this, the school becomes a local hub for growth of relationships between organizations dealing with youth development, volunteers, students, families, and local businesses. Of special importance are the after-school enrichment and academic programs (Cummings, 2011). Participation in after-school programs develop youths positively by bettering school attendance, improving schoolwork attitudes, higher college aspirations, improved work habits and interpersonal skills, reduction in rates of dropout, and improved grades. Youths spend most of their time in school buildings and thus everything the student needs should be provided, at least in part, by the school (Dryfoos & Maguire, 2007). It allows parents the freedom not to re-arrange work schedules to care for the child, like taking them to a dentist, since these professionals are made available to the school. Family or individual health servic es for mental health are made available in the school. Most FSCS schools have a parent or family rooms where guardians or parents can talk freely and informally. In these classes, information on the insurance application, enrolment in classes for parent education, and participation in other adult enrichment activities is availed to the parents. Full Service Community Schools are built and designed on five conditions identified by the coalition for community schools aimed at creating an environment for

A Dolls House - Henrik Ibsen Essay Example for Free

A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen Essay Henrik Ibsens in one of his most revolutionary plays, A Dolls House, filled his set and narrative with symbols that emphasised the idea that above everything, one must be an individual. Doors, macaroons and the tarantella are all symbols that are used by Ibsen to convey to the audience that the life of Nora and Torvald isnt what it seems to the naked eye. The doors in the dolls house set, are emphasised, to symbolise the separate worlds Nora and Torvald live in; the illusive macaroons symbolise the control Torvald has over his wife and the wild tarantella dance is symbolic of Noras desire to escape from her restricted and heavily defined existence. Doors in A Dolls House are not just a wooden blocks that can be used as a thoroughfare between rooms; they are used to distinguish between the two different spheres, Noras sphere and Torvalds sphere. All throughout the play, Nora never enters her husbands world. Guests for Torvald were instructed to not come in here (Noras living room), and they went on into Torvalds study. As Krogstad slammed the door on the way out of his house, Noras world was smashed into a million shards of tiny fragile pieces. The character of Nora is sent into a spiral of depression, anxiety and out-right craziness that turned a seemingly normal dance into a 19th century movement of oppressed emotions. The macaroons that Nora possesses in the beginning of the play are more than just a common snack. Nora has the macaroons in the early stages of the play, with Torvald around. They give the audience the knowledge of Noras child-like behaviour and emotions. All through A Dolls House, Torvald treats Nora like an inexperienced child, and the macaroons are one of many indications of this. She offers it to guests as they enter her world, but not to her husband, in which she hides them from him. The child-like behaviour is also witnessed in the scene where Nora is playing with her children, calling them little dolls and playing with them like they are her friends and shes not their mother. This child-like behaviour was encouraged by Torvald, by simple nicknames, such as skylark and mockingbird, to make Nora be more immature towards Torvald and keeping her youthfulness that he liked so much. The infamous dance, the tarantella, was an expression of the oppressed society that woman had to go through in the 19th century. The tarantella was used to convey emotions that woman couldnt express in normal, everyday life. They used raw energy to express that raw emotion. In A Dolls House, Nora uses, just as other woman have, to express and release the oppressed emotion that was given by Torvald towards her. In the scene where Nora is dancing for Torvald as practice of the dance and Dr. Rank comes in, Torvald keeps telling Nora to stop it and do it as I said. Nora is completely oblivious to Torvald and keeps on dancing in her own style. Dr. Rank comes in and takes over Torvalds role as piano player to fuel the flame that Nora was burning. The dance becomes more and more wild as the scene progresses, until the music stops and Nora is just still. The oppressive moment of woman in the 19th century created this dance. A Dolls House uses this symbols of child-like behaviour, different worlds and an oppressed dance to show the audience that the world of the 19th century wasnt a blissful place where men and woman were equal in everything they had rights to, like they do now. Torvald showed that he was a man of conformity and tried his best to bend his family into the social norms of the time. Torvald never let Nora have her way and treated her like a child, making her regress into one and even making her be his child. She was scared to wrong by her husband, even hiding a simple sweet from him so he wouldnt find out that she was eating it. By the end of A Dolls House , Nora grows up. After the problems arisen by Krogstad, she learns that her husband isnt her saviour anymore and she doesnt love him. The party ended when Torvald wanted to leave. Nora got home and changed out of her formal attire, and into outdoor wear, making Torvald wonder, Why are you dressed like that? The taking off of her formal clothes gives the impression that Nora is now taking off her old life, her oppressed life, and starting afresh. After an emotional discussion with Torvald, she ends up leaving him and the children. Walking out of her house, through the door, again is symbolising the end of something. This time its Noras life with Torvald. As the door closes, this time its Torvald who breaks down, mirroring Noras emotions when Krogstad leaves the  letter in the letter box. Symbolisation is a major part in any play, even more so in A Dolls House. The emotion scenes with Nora, Torvald, Dr. Rank and even Krogstad wouldnt be the same without objects such as the doors or macaroons, or the two different spheres dividing Noras world and Torvalds. The dance itself plays a vital role of showing emotion without the notice of Noras own husband. Without such devices, A Dolls House wouldnt be the same revolutionary play that we see today; it would just be mere words on a page. Bibliography: A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen

History Of Sex Education Children And Young People Essay

History Of Sex Education Children And Young People Essay Sex Education became known in the 1890s.The social reformers who studied the degeneration of the traditional family and the increase of people suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, believed that sex education is the best way to decrease these problems (Elia,2009; Goldfard, 2009; Irvine, 2002; Luker, 2006). The American Social Hygiene Association (ASHA) is believed to be the first group which supported sex education (Luker, 2006; Elia, 2009). According to ASHA, sex education promoted health in different ways, for examples, social, mental, spiritual and physical. Due to the social changes which were taking place during the 1960s and 1970s, Sex Education became more and more popular. During these years, subjects like Biology started to impart certain topics such as the reproductive system of human beings and methods of contraception to students. By the year 1980s, changes were brought as far as sex education was concerned. Parenting and communication in relation to sex were emphasized but sex education was not efficient. However, in the mid 1980, there was a change in the viewing of sex education. Before mid 1980, sex education was not very important but later on, when it was found that there was a new Sexually Transmitted infection, AIDS; sex education gained an important place. AIDS was spreading all around the world at an alarming speed (Reiss, 2005).Professor Michael Reiss5 (Guest6, External Institutions7, University of London8, Institute of Education, University of London9) Professor Michael Reiss5 (Guest6, External Institutions7, Univers ity of London8, Institute of Education, University of London9) Professor Michael Reiss5 (Guest6, External Institutions7, University of London8, Institute of Education, University of London9) Professor Michael Reiss5 (Guest6, External Institutions7, University of London8, Institute of Education, University of London9) Defining sex education According to the President of SIECUS (Sex Information and Educational Council of the US), 1993, sex education is all about obtaining information about identity, relationships as well as knowing about intimacy. Sex education consists of sexual development, reproductive system, affection, body image and gender roles. Sexual health education is a set of skills training which result in specific behavioural outcomes (Mueller, Gavin and Kulkami, 2008). Through sex education, students are expected to have healthy sex education and healthy sexual behaviours (Fisher and Fisher, 2002). It is also believed that an effective sex education respects the beliefs of all people irrespective of their religion, race, age and gender (Ministry of Health, 2003). Sex education in Mauritius In Mauritius, sex education is imparted to students as from primary level itself. At primary level, students learn about sex under the subject known as Health Education. This subject covers the physical and psychological changes and also encourages students to act in a responsible manner as far as making the right choices is concerned. At this stage, students learn about minor things such as the differences between boys and girls and about the importance of their body. They are told not to allow other to touch them and to report if ever any such thing has happened to them. At the secondary level, sex education forms part of the curriculum, in subjects like Health Physical Education, Integrated Science and Biology. These subjects focus on our body and its changes at puberty and about the reproductive system. (Ministry of EDUCATION, Mauritius, 2010). However, it can be seen that although sex education is found in the curriculum, yet several topics are not covered such as the protective measures and STDs. On the 15th of March, 2013, there was an article in the newspaper Le Mauricien which focussed on the importance of sex education in Mauritius. More and more teenagers are becoming sexually active but they do not have an understanding about sex and even their own sexuality. Due to these, there is an alarming increase in teenage pregnancy in Mauritius. This affects the life of many teenage girls. For examples, they are stressed and even come up with financial and even emotional challenges. Many teenagers have to leave school once they are pregnant. It is believed that sex education in schools is the best way to solve this problem. In this way, adolescents in Mauritius, will have the correct information about their bodies, sexual development and the protective measures. If sex and sexuality are still considered as a taboo, then the society will face more and more problems (MIVANAH Irlen, 2013). Similarly, Monique Dinan (Founder and Member of Movement Daide a La Maternite (MAM)2012, is on the view that teenage pregnancies have increased to a large extent. She believes that this problem should be solved at an early age and this is the reason why she feels that it is important to educate the youths about sex so that they know about sexual responsibility. Importance of sex education Due to the absence of sex education, the society faces several problems such as students drop out from school ( Hofferth and Reid, 2002), the economy of the country is affected (Maynard, 1997) and there is also an increase risk of serious problems for the child such as drug abuse and crime (Jaffee, 2002). It is also important to incorporate sex education at school due in order to prevent students from having Sexually Transmitted Diseases. STDs result in simple and serious problems such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, cancer and death (Sulack, 2003). SIECUS (1999) believes that there are four goals while implementing sex education for adolescents. The goals are to allow the young people to have accurate information about sexuality, to allow the adolescents to understand and develop their attitudes and values, to enable them to develop relationships and finally, to help them to become responsible as far as sexual relationships are concerned. Walker, Green and Tilford (2003) are on the view that today sex education is given lots of importance. They even believe that sex education is important to handle public health problems such as teenage pregnancies and several sexually transmitted diseases. Welllings (2001) considers the schools to be a major source of sex education for young ones especially those between the ages of 16-19. There are several challenges faced by policy makers and educators today in order to make sure that the youth of today will be productive, will assume their responsibility, will be not only caring but will be healthy people. This means that formal and informal educational institutions now do not only focus on nurturing the intellect of the youth but they consider the essential needs of education. Sex education is one of the most important needs. In order to have a productive youth, researchers and policy makers are focusing on sex education for the adolescents ( Zain Al- Dien 2010). Zain Al- Dien (2010) puts forward that sex education will help students in placing the sexual aspects of life in their honest perspective and it will also provide the students with valid and true information about sex which is going to reduce several misconceptions. A study carried out by Kehily and Nayak, it was found that students are ashamed to talk about sex to their parents and they are even afraid as they believe that if they talk about sex to their parents, their parents will think that they are sexually active (Kehily and Nayak, 1996). Several studies on sex education have been carried out by researchers. SIECUS (Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Henry J.Kaiser Family Foundation and government agencies (example U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) are on the view that sex education will decrease teenage pregnancy. They have found that there is a relationship between the absence of sex education and the increase in teenage pregnancy. Thus, according to them, sex education is the primary cause of teenage pregnancy (Ruddick 1993; Kirby 2002; Moore et al.1995). Today, AIDS (immunodeficiency syndrome) is becoming one main causes of death across the world. There are the needs to encourage AIDS prevention, education as well as counseling for adolescents (Dehne and Riedner, 2005). UNICEF (2000), points out that to know whether HIV/AIDS is being combated, it is important to look at its impact on young people. It is vital to know whether they are receiving the right education about HIV/AIDS, how to protect themselves against it. Teenage pregnancy is now known as an epidemic as there are too many cases. There are three main reasons why teenage pregnancy is regarded as a problematic issue. The first one is that children had to look after children which means that both the mother and child are children. The second one is that unmarried mother affect the life of their children as there are several problems which are associated with unmarried mothers. The third one is because teenage pregnancy leads to abortion which in turn affects the health of the teenagers (Luker, 1996). Sex education is considered to be the weapon which can fight teenage pregnancy (Ruddick 1993; Kirby 2002; Moore et al. 1995). Teenage pregnancies can be linked to several social, health and economic problems. Several teenage parents are faced with poverty, they are not well educated and as such do not have an employment. It has also been deduced from research that the babies of teenage mothers are average weight. The babies of teenage mother are 60 % more likely to die than babies of older mothers. Only 44% of young mothers who are below 20 years old breastfeed their babies, 64% of mothers who are between 20 to 24 years old do so and 80 % of older mothers breastfeed their baby. It was also found that baby girls, whose mothers were teenagers, were most likely to become young mothers themselves. Most of the children born from teenage mothers, belonged to one parent family and as such, they did not have an appropriate house and food (Cohen, 2006). Government of England believes that all schools should focus on the physical, moral and emotional aspects of sex, sexuality and their sexual health in their teachings. According to England and Wales, this should make sure that young people should: (learn) about physical, moral and emotional development. It is about the understanding of the importance of marriage for family life, stable and loving relationships, respect, love and care. It is also about the teaching of sex, sexuality and sexual health (DfEE, 2000). The above quotation shows to which extent sex education is important in the lives of teenagers as through sex education, these young people are going to have a brighter future. It is important to note that that at the launch of a booklet on the rights of the child on the 09th of June, 2012, at Bell Village SSS, the Ministry of Education declared that sex education will form part of the curriculum as from the year 2013. According to him, the reasons behind implementing sex education in schools are because the students are coming up with strange ideas and there are several under 15 years old mothers in Mauritius. According to the Ministry of Education, sometimes during activity period, sex education is taught to students but this is not sufficient. He also believes that sex education will be imparted in different ways that is according to students age groups. The Ministry of Education also came upon the view that it is important to make students and parents understand the importance of sex education at schools before its implementation. Sex education will help the young generation to succeed in life by having a bright future. It is also believed that whatever young people do when they are adolescents; those actions have great impacts in their whole lives (Perlman 2009).Thus, it is important for them to have an effective sex education. According to The Department for Education and Skills, United Kingdom (2003), sex is used as a means of not only selling food but cars also. Due to these reasons, it becomes important to teach students about sexual relationships so that they do not receive wrong information about the subject. It has also been argued that those who are handicapped and suffer from any illness should also be imparted with sex education. The sex education should cater for their needs and this should be taken into consideration when developing the curriculum (Ministry of Health, 2003). Establishing sex education in schools The formal school system is the most important venue where sex education can be imparted to students. The project of implementing sex education in school is still a controversial idea. There are different schools such as schools in the North America who have already included sex education in their curriculum as they believe that sex education will protect the students from unplanned pregnancies and even sexually transmitted infections. Boyce, Warre and King (2000) believe through sex education, all negative outcomes related to sex such as STDs and unwanted pregnancies should decrease. However, in some countries sex education remains a taboo as the people are on the views that if children learn about sex education they will be involved in sexual relationships and they even believe that sex education will corrupt the morals of students and will provide them with sexual ideas and as a result, they will be eager to experiment sex (Zain Al-Dien 2010). School-based sex education has been c onsidered as the main source of information about sex; others included parents, peers and media (Juping Yu 2010). Teen pregnancies are unexpected (Henshaw, 1998) which means that teens pregnancies are not deliberate acts and they took place as teen have a lack a knowledge about their reproductive system. Mkumbo and Ingham (2010) are on the view that sex education in schools, protect youngsters against HIV/AIDS and undesired pregnancy and will also prevent them to get involved into risky sexual behaviours. It is fundamental to inculcate sex education in the school curriculum. It is believed that a curriculum- based sex education programs generally contribute towards positive effects on sexual behaviours in the sense that students delay in being sexually active or they take their precautions (Kirby, Laris, Rolleri, 2007). Thomson (1994) further stresses upon the fact that: The sex education that girls and boys receive within the home is significantly different. Girls tend to be educated within a protective discourse emphasizing the dangers of boys, pregnancy and being caught out while boys are more likely to be teased and encouraged in the development of their sexuality. The above quotation shows that girls learn about sex at home but it constructs female sexuality as passive. They do not learn about several important topics apart from being pregnant. When boys talk about sex at home, they are teased and are encouraged to develop their sexuality. This shows that the information that students are having about sex at home, is not enough. Sex education at school, will allow students to know more and to clear the doubts that they have about sex. Researchers have also come up with the view that students look for information on sex from their friend, especially best friend, films, magazines and books (Griffin, 1984, Hey, 1997; McRobbie, 1978). However, sex education in schools is important in order to have discussions on the different issues read or seen by students about sex (McRobbie, 1978). Likewise, Bhattacharya (2000) and Wlash-Childers (1997) have researched upon the fact that adolescents learn about sex through mass media. But Bhattacharya (2000) even advocated that the sex education that adolescents have through mass media, is not useful and effective. The Curriculum for Sex Education differs from school to school which means that schools found in different regions and states will have different curriculum for Sex Education. However, students health, preventive measures and Sexually Transmitted Diseases form part of almost all the Sex Education Curriculum. There should be curriculum-based sex education at it positively influences the lives of teenagers. For examples, teenagers have sexual intercourse at a later stage, they use condoms and have knowledge about contraceptives (Kirby; Laris; Rolleri, 2007). Establishing Sex Education for Students of Secondary levels When children are growing into adults, they go through one of the most disturbing and change-laden phases in the life cycle which is known as adolescence. This phase is believed to be from the age of 10 to 22 years old which is divided into three periods: early adolescence which is from 10 to 14 years old, middle adolescence which is from 15 to 17 years old and late adolescence which is from 18 to 22 years old (Balk, 1995). During this period, adolescents undergo cognitive, social, biological and intrapsychic changes (Hill, 1980; Balk, 1995). It is at this stage itself that sexual development takes place (Herold and Marshall 1996). Adolescents experience hormonal changes, there are changes in the reproductive organs and in the feelings of adolescents. They think a lot about sexuality (Miller and Dyk, 1993). Brooks-Gunn and Paikoff (1997) are on the views that the sexual health of adolescents depend on these characteristics: know about the changes in their bodies and accept these chan ges positively, they are comfortable with sexual arousal, they are responsible for their sexual behavior (such as masturbation and sexual intercourse) and they are aware about protected sex. Several measures have been taken and are still being taken to reduce and to even eliminate adolescent sexual activity. However, due to the increase in adolescents sexual activity, it has been found that it is normal to be sexually active during adolescence. It is believed that adolescents who are indulge in sexual activities at the age of 14 or younger, become victims of several health problems (Lammers, Ireland, Resnick, Blum, 2000; Zabin, 1990; Leitenberg Saltzman, 2000). It has even been argued that for a youth to have a bright future and to contribute towards the society, he must have knowledge about healthy sex education at the secondary level. Hueber and Gilman (2006) agree that it is only through school satisfaction that a student is satisfied with his life. Byers (2003), outlines the relationship between student satisfaction and a sexual health education. Love and romance occupy important places in the lives of teenagers. As such, sex education should be implemented within relationship that is it should help teenagers to have a better understanding of their sexual life. At this phase of life, approaches which discourage sexual relationship should not be used (Reddy 2003; Shefer and Foster 2001). It is believed that if students complete their secondary schools having knowledge of sex education they have a healthy sex life in the future (Meaney, 2009). Teachers and sex education Teachers play important roles in any educational system. However, in order to have a successful sex education in schools, it is important to have well-trained teachers (Kirby, Laris and Loreri (2006). Teachers who lack training and are not confident as far as sex education is concerned, will fail to deliver the lesson effectively (McCall and McKay, 2004). Due to a lack of training and confidence, teachers are even ashamed to carry out the class on sex education. Thus, teachers deal with the basics and they even ignore certain topics. It is believed that the reason why sex education is embarrassing is because students use sexuality as a vehicle for humour. Thus, classrooms are disrupted by students and this embarrasses the teachers (Kehily and Nayak, 1996). Similarly, Daria and Campbell, (2004) are on the views that an exciting sex education depends on trained teachers so that students and teachers are not embarrassed. Administrators, school superintendents and educators should work together and assume their responsibilities in order to make Sexuality education in school successful and efficient (Harrris, 2011). Teachers knowledge of the subject matter, perception of the curriculum and the willingness to teach are important before implementing a curriculum (Scribber, 2000). It is important for teachers to feel confident as far as the subject matter is concerned in order to go towards an efficient and innovative approach of teaching sex education. Researchers also found that teachers who are interested with adolescents are more likely to impart sex education successfully (Harris, 2011). Wight and Buston (2003), have identified four reasons why teachers are reluctant to teach sex education. Firstly, according to the norms set in the society, sex should not be discussed openly as having conversation on sexuality issues in society are considered to be embarrassing. Secondly, some teachers are on the views that they face problem to understand youths lifestyles as well as the recent development in sex education. As such, they will not be able to teach sex education effectively. Thirdly, being parents themselves, they object to teach sex education due to its content. Finally, teachers do not have enough time to teach sex education due to their work load. Pattman and Chege (2003) believe that although sex education is imparted to students, yet teachers do not encourage students to participate. This is not going to make sex education successful as students need to be active and need to ask questions in order to clear their doubts. Some teachers even believe that sex education should not be imparted to students as they are still innocent (Bhana, 2008). In different societies and countries, sex remains a taboo. As people are silent as far as matters on sex are concerned, these silences enable poor delivery of the lesson. Teachers still consider sex to be a taboo. As such, teachers are faced with a lack of vocabulary while delivery the lesson (Campbell; Foulis; Mainmane and Sibiya 2005). Gender and Sex Education It is important to note that both boys and girls should be imparted with sex education. At several instances, boys are excluded from topics such as sex education (Wood 1998). Wood believes that the notion of masculinity and being male is rarely discussed. Fishers (1994) believes that it is important to impart sex education to boys also. Thomson and Scott (1991) are on the views that sex education has a positive impact on the lives of young women. UNAIDS Action Framework reports that gender inequality and unequal power relationships are the main reasons behind the increase in Aids. Both males and females should learn about sex. UNICEF (2002) focuses on both sexes while talking about STDs. This association asks whether the young people are receiving the right sex education or not. According to HIV and Healthy Communities: strategy 2010-2012, International HIV/AIDS Alliance, both males and females should know about Sexually Transmitted Diseases. They should know about how to protect themselves as both genders are at risks. They should have the same education, so that they are not abused. The International HIV/AIDS Alliance also believes in gender equality so that both males and females are equally protected and it also believes that school can brings this change that is promoting gender equality. This is important that males and females will know about the importance of each other and thus, will respect each other. Hurdles in the implementation of sex education at school Some people including parents, teachers and other stakeholders believe that sex education is important in the lives of students while others believe that sex education should not be implemented due to several reasons. This debate had been existed since the past and it is still present today. Some believe that sex education will allow one to interfere in the life of another person and this is not allowed (Elia,2009; Irvine, 2002; Luker, 2006). Some people have doubts about whether sex education will improve the life of an individual or not. Some people are on the view that sex education will not tackle problems related to sex but will arouse sexual curiosity (Elia, 2009). Some stakeholders are on the opinion that students will not concentrate on academic topics if sex education is implemented in school (Elia, 2009; Goldfarb, 2009). Parents can go against the introduction of sex education in schools as many of them consider sex to be a taboo and this matter is rarely or never discussed by parents. Boyd and McKay(1996) point out that in order to make the implementation of sex education at schools, parents need to cooperate and similarly Schaalma (2004) says that the attitudes and views of parents need to be taken into consideration while implementing sex education at schools. At different instances, sex education is taught by staffs who lack training and are not confident about the subject matter (Scott and Thomson, 1992; Byers et al., 2003; Lester and Allan, 2006). Content of Sex Education After carrying a research in the USA, it was seen that there were several problematic issues related to the health of adolescents. It was decided that sex education should be imparted to the adolescents and as such its content was decided. The researchers decided that the lessons should cover protective measures such as using condom, it should be a two way system where students are participating and the class should be interactive. They even believe that the lesson should provide important information such how family planning services can be contacted. It should also teach students how to remain firm when their peer pressure is forcing them to have sex till the students are not ready for it. It should also cater for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, how they are transmitted and how to protect oneself against STDs. The lesson should include role playing and those who are teaching should be prepared (Wight, 1993). Similarly Wood (1998) focuses on the content of Sex Education. According to him, male and female reproductive systems, the contraceptive methods and family planning should form part of the content. Similarly Pearson (1999) emphasizes on the content of sex education. He believes that topics such as abortion, homosexuality, STDs, morality, sexual abuse, training and confidentiality should be part of the contents. He also focuses on the importance of resource persons who can help to make the topic more efficient. Delivering Sex Education To make sex education successful, efficient teaching strategies should be implemented. Wood (1998) has identified the different teaching strategies. According to him, the teachers should move around the class. The teacher should make use of simple language so that students understand. Questions should be asked at regular basis. If students do not answer the questions, the teacher should use prompt or use simplify his language. If students cannot understand the questions, teachers should change the teaching strategies. Continuous assessment should be carried out. He even believes that it is important to repeat the key words. Every lesson should be evaluated through specific questions. Wight (1999) had identified some of the teaching strategies which will make sex education interesting for all students. He believes that simple questions should be asked time and again. Teaching strategies should differentiate that is there should be differences in the way that upper and lower secondary students are being taught as well as low and high ability students are being taught. He even believes that short exercises can help in the successful implementation of sex education. For him, the lesson should be student centered where students are participating actively. Sampling methods: This chapter analyses the methods which have been used in order to collect data for the analysis. Qualitative research has been opted and as such, interviews and questionnaires have been selected. As far as Qualitative research is concerned, the findings have not been acquired through statistics or other ways of quantification (Strauss and Corbin, 1999). But contrasted to qualitative research, quantitative research as the word itself suggests, is based on quantity that is statistics. There are two main types of sampling methods; probability sampling ad non-probability sampling. Probability sampling also referred as random sampling is one in which getting any scenario or results can be accommodated or calculated scientifically. For example, research on the usage of two particular mobile phone operators; that is the number or users from each operator can be calculated. On the other hand, non-probability sampling is a method used based on the prior knowledge of the subject being researched and on targeted samples who already have an expertise on the matter being interviewed for. Non-probability sampling is often used for social and psychological researches so as to get a broad idea about a massive population just by interviewing a random sample about that particular population. For example, interviewing doctors about a particular drug that is being implemented in the health sector. Purposive Sampling In this sampling method, we sample with an objective or purpose in our mind. We usually would have one or several specific focus groups we are searching. Purposive sampling is very useful for situations where we need to acquire focus sample in a small time lapse and where sampling for symmetry is not the main concern. With a purposive sampling, we are likely to get the views of our target population, but we are also likely to overweight subgroups in our population that are more readily reachable. Judgmental sampling also referred as Purposive sampling is as non-probability sampling method of sampling that is based on the idea that the interviewer or researcher already knows what are the required qualities from the interviewees thus making them the proper ones for the study. Advantages of Judgmental sampling over other sampling methods. This type of approach is better understood and straight forward compared to other sampling methods as the interviewer is already an expert in the field and the persons sampled are also well convenient in the topic. Also, judgmental sampling will be a better solution for this research as it is less time consuming as a large number of interviewers are not needed. Judgmental sampling will also be an advantage as no statistical knowledge is required. Also judgmental sampling method does not require vaste knowledge about mathematics and again as having never done advance Mathematics at secondary level this will be the best choice to carry out this research on teachers views on the topic. Composition of the chosen focus group of teachers. Like mentioned above all the subjects to be interviewed were from the secondary education sector from different institutions so as to get a broader idea about the subject. The group which was chosen consisted of 25 teachers, including 10 male and 15 female teachers from different institutions. Also, among the chosen teachers there was an equal ratio of age group, marital status, and level of education. Higher School Certificate, Diploma, BSc and Masters Degree, and lastly their level of experience. The sample chosen, though small in size will definitely give a broad view about how and why sex education can be introduced at secondary level. Focus groups. For the interview about whether sex education should be implemented at school, interview was chosen for some teachers as a qualitative means of research.

The Stolen Generation of Aboriginal Decent Essay -- Australian Aborigi

The Stolen Generation has left devastating impacts upon the Aboriginal culture and heritage, Australian history and the presence of equality experienced today. The ‘Stolen Generation’ refers to the children of Aboriginal descent being forcefully abducted by government officials of Australia and placed within institutions and catholic orphanages, being forced to assimilate into ‘white society’. These dehumanising acts placed these stolen children to experience desecration of culture, loss of identity and the extinction of their race. The destructive consequences that followed were effects of corruption including attempted suicide, depression and drug and alcohol abuse. The indigenous peoples affected by this have endured solitude for many years, this has only been expressed to the public recently and a proper apology has been issued, for the years of ignorance to the implementation of destruction of culture. The Stolen Generation has dramatically shaped Austr alian history and culture. Within Australia, beginning from approximately the time of European settlement to late 1969, the Aboriginal population of Australia experienced the detrimental effects of the stolen generation. A majority of the abducted children were ’half-castes’, in which they had one white parent and the other of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Following the government policies, the European police and government continued the assimilation of Aboriginal children into ‘white’ society. Oblivious to the destruction and devastation they were causing, the British had believed that they were doing this for â€Å"their [Aborigines] own good†, that they were â€Å"protecting† them as their families and culture were deemed unfit to raise them. These beliefs caused ... ... respect and appreciation of the Aboriginal population and the entire Australian public. The Stolen Generation has had a profound impact on every aspect of the lives of Indigenous communities. It has jeopardised their very survival. It has impoverished their capacity to control and direct their future development. The Stolen Generation has corrupted, devastated and destroyed the souls, hopes and beliefs of many Australian lives through damaging assimilation policies established in an attempt to make a ‘White Australia’ possible. Discrimination, racism and prejudice are some of the many permanent scars upon Indigenous life that will never be repaired. However, recently Rudd and the Australian public have sincerely apologised for the detrimental effects the Stolen Generation had caused. The Stolen Generation has dramatically shaped Australian history and culture.

Drama Coursework: Absurdism Freeze Frames We used freeze frames in drama :: Drama

Drama Coursework: Absurdism Freeze Frames We used freeze frames in drama to create many absurd scenarios Drama Coursework: Absurdism =========================== Freeze Frames ------------- We used freeze frames in drama to create many absurd scenarios. We co-ordinated our bodies with other people to create a scene and we held our positions for about 10 seconds. We usually did this whilst we were warming up our bodies; it also helped to see if as a group we could listen to other people and develop their ideas. We had to use our facial expressions to create an atmosphere and sometimes tension. We have used the technique of freezing at a specific point many times in drama this year. In groups, we have often created sketches and frozen our positions. We had to pretend that we were on a train and we had stopped at a platform. Sheldon walked on the train and was bringing his pet elephant on a trip. Sheldon held a leash and was patting the pet on the back. I played one of four passengers; I cringed when they got on the train; as if the elephant smelt. The others did mostly the same but were moving out of the way for the elephant whilst holding their noses. My group for this sketch was: Stephen, Sheldon, Helen and myself. It was a very strange image to comprehend, but that is what abusrdism is all about. The use of freeze frames in general helps me to appreciate that every scene counts. Every aspect of the play is important, not just the important ones. It helps me to just have a little pause in time and think about what we are doing. Sometimes with freeze frames you can use thought tracking. This is a pause in time and helps the audience keep track of what goes on inside the actor’s/actresses head. When it is used in absurdism, it helps me to stop and look around me. I’m thinking, â€Å"This is very weird† and â€Å"what’s happening here†. Freeze frames help to create an atmosphere. It creates tension and other emotions. Mime: There are two types of mime:  · Acting without dialogue or sound. But relying on action, facial expressions and body expressions.  · Acting with sound and dialogue but without the use of props. We used mime with no sound to a rhythm. We did every day chores, like putting your books in your bag or looking for your house key to four different actions or positions. Just like this:  · Picture 1: I bent down and with both hands push the draw closed. I showed that the draw was stiff by clenching my teeth as I pushed.

Love and Selfishness in Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb Essay -- Love i

Love and Selfishness in  Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb    "Love in L.A.," written by Dagoberto Gilb, is a story full of irony and multiple themes. The story is set in Hollywood during the summer time. Written in third person objective, "Love in L.A." guides the reader along through the story as opposed to an omniscient point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story begins with Jake driving on the freeway. He is so enraptured by his daydream of better possibilities that he ends up smacking the car ahead of him. Jake considers driving away but instead he stops and finds out that the owner of the Toyota he hit was a beautiful girl. From there, Jake switches into his smooth talker role with Mariana. Jake then tries to con her by saying he doesn't have any insurance and assures her that he will pay for it. As he drives away, he sees Mariana behind him writing down the license plate numbers that he stole from another car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main characters in this story are Jake and Mariana. Jake is a stagnant and flat character. Throughout the story, he shows himself as a somewhat lazy and rather overly conceited kind of guy. When Gilb describes how Jake, "considered driving past the Toyota." and how, "he considered giving a real phone number but went against that idea and made one up," it gives the reader a sense of how sleazy Jake is. In the end, he has not changed but yet seems even worse and more like a con artist. Mariana is more of an enigma then Jake since the author does not go into great detail about her, there is little characterization to go on. Generally, Mariana is a stagnant character because she is a normal girl with the same suspicious tendencies as most other human beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Love in L.A." contains many symbols ... ...d Russel Crowe, the couple get together and break up numerous times simply because of their mutual fear of intimacy and commitment. Another worthy example of this fear of engagement is the 1999 movie Love Stinks, starring French Stewart and Bill Bellamy. French Stewart's girlfriend demands that he marry her but he refuses to do so. This is obviously due to his definite fear of closeness and commitment. Another attribute of human nature, displayed in this story, is the tendency to be selfish. When people try to evade taxes, it is because they want all their money for themselves and thus are acting avaricious. Another example of this is when people do not donate to charity. This shows an abundance of stinginess as well as greed. Essentially, "Love in L.A." addresses two main inherent qualities of human beings, the want for love and the constant capacity to be selfish.

Academic Challenges and Professional Goals

Please explain any academic and/or professional goals you have established for yourself and your efforts to accomplish these goals. Describe with examples of your leadership experience, in or out of school/college in which you significantly influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contributed to group efforts: When I started college, my goal was to pick a major and stick with it until I was finished! Well I have halfway done that. I completed my undergraduate with honors in Elementary Education sticking with it until after student teaching, graduation, and certification. However, upon completion I realized that while I love children and teaching I cannot be stuck inside a building all day. Therefore, after completing my bachelors in December of 2012 I decided it was time to enroll at Southwestern Oklahoma State University and get a graduate degree in Sports Management. My goal as an educator was to be the best motivator and encourager I could be and I feel that I can also carry these goals over into sports management. With my ultimate professional goal to become an Intercollegiate Rodeo Coach. In an effort to complete this goal I chose a college in which I had heard great things about the rodeo coach and the program; thus, choosing SWOSU. As a student at SWOSU it's my goal to do my very best in every class receiving an A if possible. My goal is to show future employers that I am dedicated and I always do my best. At SWOSU I have been helping at rough stock practice in an effort to learn both sides of the arena. I have also chosen electives that I feel will help my students mentally prepare for competition. Last year and this coming year I will serve as the Central Plains Goat Tying Director. Serving as director I have studied the rule-book thoroughly with an effort to be prepared to the paperwork side of being a collegiate coach. I have worked hard to establish myself as a fierce competitor, potential coach and professional clinician. I have done this through winning the 2012 CNFR Reserve Champion Cowgirl title through hard work and a tight balance between school and practice. As a clinician I have took control of my own success making phone calls and raising money to put on many Pro bono clinics for organizations such as Range Riders Youth organization, Cal Farley's Boys Ranch, and rodeo bible camps. At these camps and clinics I have the chance to become an established leader and role model in many of these kids lives. I make it my utmost priority to keep in touch with many of these kids through email. Many of these students send me videos to critique and ask advice on questions both inside and outside of the arena. I am also the current Fellowship of Christian Cowboys-Rodeo Bible Camp Woman's Timed Event Coordinator. This means that I work to find clinicians to volunteer at more than 25 rodeo bible camps across the country in which I must find at least twelve women for each. Doing this has allowed me to meet some great people in which I have been able to lead in educating students in rodeo and a relationship with Christ. Please describe the most significant academic or personal challenge you have faced. Discuss the steps you have taken to address this challenge and what you have learned about yourself during the process: The most personal challenge I have faced is not necessary your typical physical adversary, but rather one of the mind, character, and emotions. My most personal challenge has been to overcome pride. Pride in my school work, pride in who I thought I was, and pride in my accomplishments inside the arena. The problem with pride is that it develops a mentality of fierce competition against everyone all the time. The problem with pride is that it becomes self-consuming-a place where no one else but self exists. With my goal to be successful at everything I did, I never made time for anyone else. Rather I was driven by to-do-lists and tight schedules. I have had a hard time overcoming my pride and making time for others. As a Christian I understand that God has commanded us to love your neighbor as yourself,† but when someone is consumed with their goals that doesn't leave much time for loving others. After God humbling me time and time again I finally gave up and allowed Him to be my goal; thus, replacing my pride with Him and His will. Pride has been something that has not been easy to overcome and it's something I have to overcome daily; however, I am not only getting better I am overcoming it! Through this process I have learned that I am inherently selfish and I can quickly become consumed with my self-goals of being â€Å"successful.† I have learned that success is not being the best in the classroom, arena, or life as the world sees it. Rather success is leaving people with a loving legacy. In the words of Maya Angelou – â€Å"I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made

A Comparative Study of Government-Business Relations and Benefits for Citizen in the United States (U.S) and Japan

The success of any national economy in the world is the sum of the successes of the different sectors that make up that economy.This is because every nation has more than one economic sector which is used for the purposes of enhancing the performance of the national economy. It has been paramount for every government to ensure that there are appropriate measures being put in place ensure that these various sectors of the national economy are performing well to be able to deliver the value needed for developing the nation and ensuring that there is rapid development (AMBA, 2009).Therefore, in view of this – and given that the manner in which the business environment is able to operate is a key factor in the determination of the performance of economies of nations – it is critical that governments are able to devise models that will ensure that their relationship with businesses is such that benefits are able to be realized for the enjoyment of their citizens.This paper c ompares the government-business relations employed in the United States of America and Japan, with a view to establishing the inherent benefits of each of them and so establishing which model is more appropriate owing to its ability to bring more in returns in the form of varied benefits to the country and to its citizens. The main focus will be on the manufacturing sector.The Role of Government in Business and in SocietyThere is always an intrinsic relationship between government and business because the two are the main institutions in the society. The actions of one are affective of the other and the actions of the two affect the way the society is viewed.As such, government – being the main player and coordinator of all affairs in a country – ought to ensure that it is in a position to work well enough to ensure businesses operate in the right way and that whatever is done is for the enhancement of the mutual good of the organization (AMBA, 2009). Governments play a very important role determining the direction of the economy and in influencing the outcomes of the economy.Among other approaches, the nature of measures like protectionism, currency rate determination and control, free market policies, and the handling of globalization determines how businesses in the country operate and so their eventual outcome. The manufacturing sectors of the United States and Japan – the world’s largest and second largest economies – are very different. The main difference is in the relationship between the government and business.The government-business approaches in the manufacturing industry come in different ways and vary in each of these countries.Common policies in the sector have largely covered the areas of grants and subsidies, regulation with the aim of shielding the sector from stiff competition from the external environment especially in the face of widespread globalization of trade as well as other forms of regulation aimed at protecting the public from environmental pollution and other wasteful manufacturing practices; and ensuring that labor issues like employee rights, minimum wage, union autonomy, and work-place safety.The manufacturing sector is usually a very important sector and is in most cases the main source of the country’s much–needed foreign through its exports (Toshiyuki, Mika & Yusuke, 2010).Japan and the United States both have booming manufacturing sectors and although the United States has a relatively greater number of industries, Japan has tended to benefit a lot from the industry owing to its approaches to handling business matters (Toshiyuki, Mika & Yusuke, 2010).The American government has emphasized the need to subsidize its products from the manufacturing sector so as to shield the sector from stiff competition brought about by the influx of other goods from other countries in the age of globalization; as well as to ensure that the consumers benefits from reduced prices.Subsidies have made the cost of locally produced goods to be lower such that it makes it hard for products from other sectors to be able to compete on a level playing field with the American commodities (Toshiyuki, Mika & Yusuke, 2010). Therefore, although the country might not have a totally regulatory mechanism to check an influx of imports, it uses subsidies to give its products an unfair advantage over other products.

Nike, Operational Strategy Essay

An example of an operational strategy I found was within the Nike  organization. Nike was created in 1972, by co-founder Bill Bowerman & his University of Oregon runner Phil Knight. Together, with the people they hired, the company was able to grow and expand from a U. S. based footwear distributor to a global marketer of athletic footwear, apparel & equipment that is unrivaled in the world today (www. nikeinc. com). Operations strategy is the development of a long term plan for using the major resources of the firm for a high degree of compatibility between these resources & the firm’s long term corporate strategy (Schroeder & Rungusanatham, 2011). On May 5, 2010 Nike  unveiled one of its strategies & key initiatives to achieve sustainable, long term growth across its global portfolio of brands & businesses (www. nikemedia. com) their plan consists of a revenue target of 27 billion by the end of 2015 and over 12 billion of free cash flow from operations through 2015. Nike   also uses an outsourcing strategy, where they have subcontractors scattered throughout the globe. The cross functional decisions associated with a company of this magnitude is enormous & would involve a multitude of people and departments. Nike  main cross functional decision making process involved that of Dennis Dwyer, Senior Manager Footwear Division; Vice President & CFO, Donald W. Blair; President, Mark G. Parker; Divisional V. P. & General Manager, Craig Zanon; V. P. of New Business Development, Clare L. Hamill; GM, Kirk Richardson and Director of Communications, Jack Gould (www. ifestagingblog. com). There are two types of strategies involved with the supply chain strategy and they are imitative and innovative (Schroeder & Rungusanatham, 2011). Imitative strategies generally relies on following or imitating other companies, while having predictable demand, are efficient and have a low cost supply chain. The Innovative strategy is different from other companies but may still have a sort of â€Å"sameness† imitation, whereas there is unpredictable demand, are flexible and have a fast supply chain.